{"id":196341,"title":"Co je chu\u0165 umami?","modified":"2026-10-31T16:51:35+01:00","plain":"Co je chu\u0165 umami?\n\n\n\nSladk\u00e1, kysel\u00e1, slan\u00e1, ho\u0159k\u00e1\u2026 Tyto chut\u011b u\u017e dob\u0159e zn\u00e1me, ale co je vlastn\u011b umami? Popravd\u011b jde o pom\u011brn\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00fd objev. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se j\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u201ep\u00e1t\u00e1 chu\u0165\u201c a \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1 popisov\u00e1na jako jemn\u00e1 sametov\u00e1 dochu\u0165, kterou najdeme v pokrmech vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch chu\u0165 umami. Sama o sob\u011b nen\u00ed nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zaj\u00edmav\u00e1. Chu\u0165ov\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 ve spojen\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi chut\u011bmi. \n\n\n\nHistorie umami\n\n\n\nV 80. letech, pot\u00e9 co se v\u00fdzkum tohoto t\u00e9matu zna\u010dn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il,  bylo umami ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1no jako samostatn\u00e1 chu\u0165 nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na ostatn\u00edch 4. Od t\u00e9 doby jeho obliba neust\u00e1le roste. \n\n\n\nV roce 1985 bylo na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm sympoziu, kter\u00e9 se tehdy konalo na Havaji, rozhodnuto, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b umami bude ozna\u010den\u00edm pro tuto osobitou chu\u0165. Jde tak\u00e9 o odvozeninu slova \u201eumai\u201c, kter\u00e9 v japon\u0161tin\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201elahodn\u00fd\u201c. \n\n\n\nPro lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o t\u00e9to chuti: v\u00fdvar, maso, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0159asy, houby nebo t\u0159eba parmaz\u00e1n jsou pln\u00e9 umami. Tyto potraviny p\u0159itom nemus\u00ed v\u0161echny chutnat stejn\u011b. Ve skute\u010dnosti se v\u0161e odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 na molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00farovni. \n\n\n\nPro\u010d je podle v\u00e1s parmaz\u00e1n tak obl\u00edben\u00fd? Odpov\u011b\u010f je jednoduch\u00e1: umami\n\n\n\nPotraviny bohat\u00e9 na aminokyseliny (p\u0159esn\u011bji na glutaman sodn\u00fd) dotv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed definici chuti umami. Tento glutaman se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u\u017e po stalet\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve fermentovan\u00fdch ryb\u00edch om\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma nebo v om\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch z fermentovan\u00e9ho je\u010dmene ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 byzantsk\u00e9 a arabsk\u00e9 kuchyni. N\u00e1zev t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 chuti se ostatn\u011b p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako \u201ep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1 a lahodn\u00e1 chu\u0165\u201c; to je dobr\u00fd d\u016fvod vykouzlit v kuchyni n\u011bco \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9ho! \n\n\n\nPotraviny bohat\u00e9 na umami\n\n\n\nSt\u00e1le si nedok\u00e1\u017eete p\u0159edstavit chu\u0165 umami ani to, jak ji vyu\u017e\u00edt? Nemus\u00edte hned sp\u011bchat do obchodu s asijsk\u00fdmi potravinami, tuto chu\u0165 najdete v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b potravin, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1te doma. \n\n\n\nNap\u0159\u00edklad v hov\u011bz\u00edm \u010di vep\u0159ov\u00e9m mase, om\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch, raj\u010datech, ke\u010dupu, s\u00fdrech\u2026 Tak\u00e9 s\u00f3jov\u00e1 om\u00e1\u010dka, ryb\u00ed om\u00e1\u010dka a miso jsou na chu\u0165 umami obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 bohat\u00e9.\n\n\n\nRaj\u010data jsou skv\u011bl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak dodat pokrm\u016fm umami. \u010casto je nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m do sv\u00fdch ku\u0159ec\u00edch rillettes.\n\n\n\n Existuje spousta recept\u016f, kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ipravit doma; vyzkou\u0161ejte cheeseburgery pln\u011bn\u00e9 houbami, thajsk\u00e9 krab\u00ed kari nebo hranolky s lan\u00fd\u017ei a parmaz\u00e1nem\u2026 Chu\u0165ov\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitek zaru\u010den! Pokud chcete s umami experimentovat v asijsk\u00e9 kuchyni, p\u0159ipravte si pokrmy s \u0159asou kombu nebo s kvasnicov\u00fdmi extrakty Vegemite \u010di Marmite, kter\u00e9 se\u017eenete ve specializovan\u00fdch obchodech. \n\n\n\nGlutaman a umami\n\n\n\nV z\u00e1sad\u011b je glutaman neesenci\u00e1ln\u00ed aminokyselina, kterou najdeme v mnoha potravin\u00e1ch. Je to zv\u00fdraz\u0148ova\u010d chuti, kter\u00fd jde ruku v ruce s umami. MSG neboli glutaman sodn\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee na prvn\u00ed pohled vzbuzovat obavy, ale Food and Drug Administration, americk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za ochranu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, prohl\u00e1sil tuto aminokyselinu za ne\u0161kodnou slo\u017eku potravin. \n\n\n\nP\u0159esto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat n\u011bkter\u00e9 ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, nap\u0159\u00edklad bolesti hlavy nebo nevolnost, ov\u0161em jen u velmi mal\u00e9ho procenta populace. Je to dokonce slo\u017eka, kterou b\u011bhem dne n\u011bkdy konzumujeme, ani\u017e bychom si to uv\u011bdomovali. \n\n\n\nStejn\u011b jako s\u016fl nebo cukr, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt na stole, je MSG b\u00edl\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd k dochucov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee glutaman p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdbornou alternativu k soli, kter\u00e1 obsahuje mnohem v\u00edce sod\u00edku. Zat\u00edmco do pol\u00e9vek nebo om\u00e1\u010dek se skv\u011ble hod\u00ed, do dezert\u016f ho nedoporu\u010duji. Zato ho zkuste p\u0159idat do sma\u017een\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee a m\u00e1te vyhr\u00e1no!","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marcwiner.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marcwiner.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marcwiner.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marcwiner.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marcwiner.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=196341"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/marcwiner.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196341\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marcwiner.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marcwiner.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=196341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marcwiner.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=196341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marcwiner.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=196341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}